...1889.
Coleman, R. ``Woman's Relations to the Higher Education and Professions, as Viewed from Physiological and Other Standpoints.'' Transactions, Medical Association of Alabama (1889), page 238. Quoted in [Ehrenreich et al 1978, page 128,].
...engineering.
Readers outside of the field may be confused by my use of the term ``engineer'' to include computer scientists. I do this because the field of computer science does not fit neatly into either engineering or science. Despite the ``science'' in the name, university computer science departments are often attached to electrical engineering departments or are part of the school of engineering. Additionally, computer programmers and designers tend to think of themselves more as engineers than as scientists, although some individuals and organizations consider computer science as a branch of the mathematical sciences.
...women.
Of course, the stereotype also exists of male engineers being less attractive than other males. See, for example, [Wolpert et al 1988, page 2,], [Turkle 1984, Chapter 6,], and [Holland 1990, pages 164--165,].
...Usenet
Usenet, a large electronic bulletin board system, is described in the appendix on methods.
...stereotype)
Katz, Douglas J. Comp.society, May 14, 1990.
...students.
The experience of women I have talked with is that if females are in an extreme minority, they stand out so much that the teachers are likely to know their names.
...said.
It is fascinating to read about how female professionals and secretaries interact with each other. One professor reports that she used to sneak to the typewriter and type her own letters, rather than ask a secretary to do the work for her. Correspondingly, secretaries generally do not like to work for women. ``They experience women's authority as `unnatural', whereas men's authority is taken for granted'' [Pringle 1989, page 58,]. Additionally, as hinted by a comment in [MIT 1983, page 21,], female secretaries feel demeaned when female professionals complain about being mistaken for secretaries. On the other hand, most of the secretaries I have worked with have treated me the same as they treated my male colleagues, and one has even told me outright how happy she was to see women as computer professionals.
...games.
Cover, IEEE Computer, March 1977.
...major.''
In a later note, the writer added: ``[The teacher] was fired two years after this incident. According to my advisor at that time, his attitude toward female students was one of the reasons. (He was not tenure track. He was a lecturer only.)'' This story was later confirmed by a former professor from the university.
...women.
See [Turkle 1984] for an interesting discussion of the male engineering student's self-image.
...Göttingen.
Weyl, Hermann. ``Emmy Noether'', Scripta Mathematica, VIII, 3 (July, 1935), page 207.
...now.'')
Cringely, Robert X. ``Notes from the Field''. Infoworld, September 17, 1990, page 108.
...environment.
It is worth noting, however, that some men are disgusted by the hacker culture, such as MIT professor Joseph Weizenbaum [Levy 1984].
...available.
I have been told that childcare was arranged for this year's AAAI.
...Graham
Graham, Alma. ``How to Make Trouble: The Making of a Nonsexist Dictionary.'' Ms., December 1973, p. 16.
...females.
Of course, many languages are even worse than English [Hofstadter 1986, chapter 7,].
...delighted.
Branden, Barbara. The Passion of Ayn Rand. New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1986, page 189.
...government!
Meir, Golda. My Life, New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1976, page 108.
...role.
I have been able to find nothing in the literature about male identification of women in science, although the phenomenon is widespread. Most women seem to outgrow it and feel ashamed of their former misogyny, but the subject merits deeper study.
...admiration.
There is another whole issue as to what the corresponding female term would be and why none are flattering --- i.e. one based on sexual prowess. Brood sow? Whore? Nymphomaniac? This is too far off the subject to explore here.
...commandment.
It is not entirely fair to put all the blame on the word ``man''. It is also easy to find sentences such as ``People won't give up power. They'll give up anything else first --- money, home, wife, children --- but not power'' [Miller et al 1980, pages 33-34,].
...he''.
Mackworth, Alan K. ``Book Reviews and Response''. Artificial Intelligence, 38 (1989) 239--251.
...purpose.
See, for example, [Frank et al 1983, page 88,] or [Miller et al 1980, pages 121--123,].
...subscription.
Of course, these observations are based on the letters the editor chose to print.
...groups.
I made this mistake in the first version of this report.
...balance.
Williams, Walter E. All it Takes is Guts: A Minority View. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1987, page 44.
...policies''.
Barrett, Paul M. and Stephen Wermiel, ``Judge Thomas, Billed as Conservative, May Prove Unpredictable,'' The Wall Street Journal, July 19, 1991, page A1. The same fallacy appeared in The New York Times and The Chicago Tribune.
...scores.
I've always found it ridiculous that the person with the highest recorded IQ claims to be the smartest person in the world.
...place!
Bond, Patricia. Comp.society, April 20, 1990.
...negative.
The quotations from this section are largely taken (with permission) from a discussion within a large electronic mailing list of women in computer science.
...her.
Chow, Stanley T. H. Article 17986 of alt.folklore.computers, date unknown.
...Germain.
Bell, Eric Temple. ``The Prince of Mathematicians'', James R. Newman, ed., The World of Mathematics. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1956, volume I, page 333.
...Zinberg
Kundsin, Ruth B., editor. Women and Success: The Anatomy of Achievement. New York: William Morrow & Company, 1974, page 129.
...point.
Actually, the reason she was asked to take it down was because a nearby man was afraid he would be suspected of being homosexual.
...Mill
Mill, John Stuart. The Subjection of Women, MIT Press, 1972, page 22.
...
Ehrenreich, Barbara and Deirdre English. For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts' Advice to Women. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1978, page 115.

ellens@ai.mit.edu